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Mental Illness Doesn’t Mean Losing Your Child: What Courts Consider

Mental Illness

Many parents living with mental illness are reluctant to disclose their condition in family law proceedings. This hesitation often stems from fear—specifically, the fear of losing parenting time or decision-making responsibility. 

A mental illness, on its own, does not disqualify a parent from maintaining a relationship with their child. Instead, the key issue is whether the parent can provide safe, stable, and effective care for the child. 

Factors Courts Consider

  • Type and severity of the mental illness 
  • Frequency and duration of symptoms 
  • Impact on daily functioning and the ability to meet parental responsibilities 
  • Compliance with treatment and medication plans 
  • Ability to manage the illness over time 

When a parent’s mental illness is well-managed and does not pose a risk, parenting time can be granted or continued. However, in some cases, the court may impose safeguards, such as: 

  • Supervised parenting time 
  • Temporary suspensions during periods of instability Gerasimopoulos v. Sambirsky, [2024] O.J. No. 2014 

The “Best Interests of the Child” Test 

All parenting decisions are governed by the best interests of the child—a legal standard that ensures the child’s needs are prioritized above all else. When mental illness is involved, the court conducts a careful and holistic analysis. 

Key Considerations: 

  • The child’s physical, emotional, and psychological safety 
  • Whether the parent can provide a stable, nurturing environment 
  • Potential emotional or psychological risks, even in the absence of physical danger A.C.V.P. v. A.M.T., [2019] O.J. No. 1222 
  • The child’s need for consistency and stability, which may be disrupted if the illness is unmanaged Young v. Peters, [2022] O.J. No. 5364; Snider v. Williams, [2001] O.J. No. 2922 

Additional Factors 

In addition to assessing a parent’s mental health, courts also consider the parent’s overall conduct and approach to parenting responsibilities. This includes evaluating the parent’s history of complying with existing court orders and their ability to shield the child from conflict—particularly conflict arising from ongoing legal proceedings. 

Mental illness, in itself, is not a barrier to parenting time. What truly matters is the parent’s ability to provide safe, consistent, and loving care. Courts are committed to making decisions that safeguard the child’s overall well-being while treating the parent’s circumstances with care, compassion, and fairness. 

 

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